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According to the position of use, the door can be divided into a passenger entrance door, driver cabin door, partition door, toilet door, and etc.
Usually the main material is sheet metal parts, composite material, aluminum honeycomb and so on. The door needs to be based on the vehicle to consider its strength, waterproof, fireproof, soundproof, heat insulation and environmental protection. The door should be provided with strength such as the car body, and also have aesthetics and comfort as the interior.
The standards currently implemented in China apply to the side doors and interior doors of passenger cars of 200KM/H and above: TB/T3454. And the driver room door applies to the regulation: TB/T 3262. Other vehicles are applicable to the TB/T3266 regulations for locomotive doors.
 

Entrance Door Standard

The side door of the passenger car (automatically controlled entrance door, vehicles with speeds of 200km/h and above) shall comply with the following performance requirements: TB/T3454.1
Non-metallic materials should be flame retardant materials.
The performance of the sealing strip should meet the requirements of GB/T 27568
Water tightness: In the closed state (the sliding door is closed and the auxiliary lock is not pressed tightly; the built-in side sliding door is in the tight sealing state), the water tightness test is carried out, and at least 10 minutes after the rain test stops,The non-rain test side of the door should be free of water and water droplets.
Antifreeze performance: The side door of the passenger car should be able to open and close normally at -25° (-40° for special use environment).
Thermal insulation performance: The heat transfer coefficient of the door leaf should not exceed 4.5W/(㎡.K). For doors in alpine areas, the heat transfer coefficient of the door leaf should not exceed 3.9W (㎡.K).
 Sound insulation performance: The actual sound insulation of the door leaf should not be less than 30dB. In special cases, it is determined by demander an supplier.
Air tightness: The side door of the passenger compartment should have good air tightness, and there should be no howling and vibration in the sealing part of the door. The simulation is installed in a 8.5m³±1.5m³ confined space. The pressure in the space should be reduced from 4kPa to 1kPa for more than 210s or the equivalent leakage area of the door system should not be greater than 20mm².
Durability: The durability of the side door of the passenger car should meet the requirements of 3×105 opening and closing doors, and daily maintenance should be carried out during this period.
Strength: According to the provisions of 7.4.7 of TB/T 3454.1, the deflection of the door leaf shall not affect the airtightness of the side door of the passenger compartment, and the side door of the passenger compartment shall not cause permanent deformation and failure of opening and closing.
Pneumatic load: In the normal airtight state, the side door of the passenger room should be able to withstand the corresponding static load according to the operating speed grade, and there is no damage everywhere. The door leaf should not have defects such as cracking, bulging, and emptying.
Vibration resistance and impact resistance: Under the Class A working condition specified in GB/T 21563, the functional random vibration test, the simulated long-life vibration test and the impact test shall be carried out on the passenger compartment door. The side door function of the passenger compartment shall be normal, and the structure shall not be weld cracking, cracking and permanent deformation.
Insulation and pressure resistance: The electrical insulation and pressure resistance of the side door of the passenger room shall comply with the provisions of 12.2.9 of GB/T25119.
Electromagnetic compatibility: The electromagnetic compatibility of the passenger compartment side door and the door control unit using the electronic gating unit shall comply with the provisions of GB/T24338.4.


Driver Cabin Door Standard

The EMU driver's cab door should comply with the following performance requirements: TB/T3454.2
The performance of non-metallic materials should be in accordance with TB/T 3138. The flame retardant properties should meet the requirements of flame retardant grade.
The hazardous substance content of non-metallic materials should meet the requirements of TB/T 3139.
 Static strength: After the test according to 6.4 of TB/T3262, the structure of the driver cab door should be free of permanent deformation and opening and closing failure.
 Impact and vibration resistance: After testing according to 6.3 of TB/T3262, the structure of the door should be free of welding, cracking and permanent deformation.
 Air tightness: When tested according to 6.3 of TB/T3262, the internal pressure should be +4 kPa, the pressure after 50 s is not less than 2.5 kPa, and the internal pressure is -4 kPa. After 50 s, the pressure is not more than -2.5 kPa.
 Compressive capacity: After the test according to 6.6 of TB/T3262, the door should be free of permanent deformation and damage.
 Anti-leakage performance: After the test according to 6.7 of TB/T3262, no water flow and water droplets on the non-raining side.
 Mechanism durability: After the main body mechanism such as door folding and door locks is recirculated for 100,000 times, it should be kept in normal use.
 Heat resistance: The overall thermal conductivity of the entire external door system (average temperature 70 °C ± 5 °C) should not exceed 1.5W/㎡.K.
 Sound insulation performance: inner door: weighted sound reduction index Rw ≥ 20dB; external door weighted sound reduction index Rw ≥ 32dB.


Internal Door Standard

Internal doors (vehicles with speeds of 200km/h and above) should comply with the following performance requirements: TB/T3262
 Non-metallic materials should meet the requirements of flame retardant type.
 The performance of the sealing strip should meet the requirements of GB/T 27568.
 Durability: Under normal conditions of use and maintenance, the automatic door mechanism should meet 1×10 cycles without failure. If the button switch is used, the button life should be no less than 6×105 times, and the hinge door and folding door should meet 1×10 cycles without failure. In the case of negotiation between the supply and demand sides.
 Strength requirements: The door fan is subjected to a balanced load of 1000 N/㎡, and is unloaded after 5 minutes. The residual deformation of the door panel after 10 minutes should not exceed 0.5 mm. The special case is determined by both parties.
 Under the Class 1 Class A conditions specified in GB/T 21563, the functional random vibration test shall be carried out to simulate the long-life vibration test and impact test, which shall be able to be used normally without damage.
 Insulation withstand voltage: The electrical insulation withstand voltage of the side door of the passenger room shall comply with the provisions of 12.2.9 of GB/T25119.
 Electromagnetic compatibility: The electromagnetic compatibility of the passenger compartment side door and the door control unit using the electronic gating unit shall comply with the provisions of GB/T24338.4.
 Fire resistance: The fire integrity should not be less than 15min, and should not spread to adjacent vehicles within 15min after the fire.


Locomotive Door Standard

The locomotive door (general vehicle) should comply with the following performance requirements: TB/T3266
 Sound insulation material. The flame retardant properties of soundproofing materials shall comply with the flammability requirements of TB/T3138.
 Impact resistance and vibration: The door is fixed on the analog vibration table with the locking position with a vibration frequency of 50 Hz and a vibration acceleration of 1 g for vertical, horizontal and longitudinal vibration for 10 minutes each for 30 minutes. Then, the vibration frequency was 10 Hz, and the vibration acceleration was 5 g for impact longitudinal vibration for 2 min. The structure of the door should be free of welds, cracks and permanent deformation.
 Air tightness: After the simulated installation in a closed space of 16m3, the internal pressure of the space is pressurized to +4kPa, after 50s, the pressure is not less than +2.5kPa; and the internal pressure is -4kPa, after 50s, the pressure is not greater than - 2.5 kPa.
 Static strength: The door is in the locked state. 800N uniform force is applied in the range of 400mm×400mm in the center of the door leaf along the door opening direction. After 15min, the structure of the door is inspected for open welding, cracking and permanent deformation.
 Rain test: in accordance with the provisions of 5.2.2 of TB/T2054.
 Durability: The life of the door hinges and door locks is tested using a test machine or manually simulated application conditions. The test frequency is no more than 30 times per minute (open, lock is 1 time). The number of tests reached 20,000 times to stop the test, and it was checked whether the door hinge and the door lock could be used normally and reliably.


East railway provide reference doors with the following specifications

Photo
application Driver’s door Entrance gate Toilet door Wall partition door
Handle stainless steel/Aluminum alloy handle Emergency handle stainless steel/Aluminum alloy handle stainless steel/Aluminum alloy handle
Locking method Four-corner lock Automatic door mechanism Four-corner lock Four-corner lock
Opening method Hinged revolving door Sliding door Hinged revolving door/ Sliding door Hinged revolving door/ Sliding door
executive body Manual/Auto Auto  Manual/Auto Manual/Auto
Window Openable window Fixed window  Non Non
Seal yes yes yes yes
Nr. Of doors Single door panel   Single door panel Single door panel
Panel Material Carbon steel/stainless steel/Aluminum alloy Carbon steel/stainless steel/Aluminum alloy Carbon steel/stainless steel/Aluminum alloy/composite Carbon steel/stainless steel/Aluminum alloy/composite
Core material Hollow/honeycomb core/composite honeycomb core/composite Hollow/honeycomb core/composite Hollow/honeycomb core/composite
Executive standard TB/ T 3266   General technical conditions for locomotive doors
TB/T 1964   Passenger car door and window sealing strip
TB/T 3454.1   EMU door Part 1: Guest room side door
TB/T 3454.2   EMU doors - Part 2: Internal door
TB/T 3262   EMU driver's cab door

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